As you read this, I am in Pennsylvania at Seton Hill University where I am joining authors Juliet Blackwell and Rachael Herron as guest lecturers in the popular fiction program. One of our topics is “Gender in Publishing.” As you might suppose, there are many ways to come at this subject, and we all bring our own biases. I wanted to be sure to prepare with care, so I was as fair and thorough as possible. I thought I’d share a few of my thoughts and findings today.
Before I start, though, I’ll just say that I never felt much gender bias in my early days as an aspiring writer. I think that’s largely due to the fact that I joined Romance Writers of America twenty years ago and did my apprenticeship among a group of smart women. I wasn’t anti-man – in fact, I’d guess that the majority of my favorite authors at that time were men, and those few I’d actually met struck me as perfectly reasonable characters. As I got rolling, got an agent and sold my first book, I was neither pleased nor displeased to find that my team (agent, editor, publicist) consisted of all women. I didn’t spend a lot of time worrying that my own gender would affect my chances.
I *was* certainly aware of a pervasive and enduring anti-romance bias, however. But, surrounded by strong and independent female romance authors, I just dismissed all those voices – male and female – as belonging to idiots. I joined SistersInCrime, aware that it had been formed to address concerns about bias two decades ago, but figured they’d gotten it all worked out by now.
If I had paid attention to the numbers, I would have been in for a surprise. Let’s start with some bracing statistics about reviews: how many male vs. female reviewers there are in top publications – and how many male vs. female authors are reviewed. Go ahead, click here – I’ll wait. (Thanks to VIDA, the online publication of Women in Literary Arts.)
The Atlantic! Harpers! The New York Times! The New York Review of Books! Oh, my fallen idols. Is it really so hard to find books written by women to review? Or is the problem that women are reluctant to share their opinions? Seriously, given numbers like those, I think not.
What about the publishing industry itself? Neither authors nor reviewers, there are many roles to be filled in the production of a book, from agents to editors to marketing and productions and art experts, to management. According to Publisher’s Weekly’s salary survey, 85% of publishing employees with less than three years are women. Great for women, right? Well – yes and no.
For one thing, those 85% are making far less, on average, than their male counterparts. To quote the survey, “The overall gap between men and women in 2009 was roughly $40,000, about $10,000 higher than in 2008…The only area where men outnumber women is in management, where the highest paying jobs are found.”
So the answer to that’s easy, right? Head for those management positions, sisters! – only it’s kind of hard to get there, especially if you want your career path to wend through the ranks of the publishing house. Those early-stage salaries are famously low. Granted, most of us in publishing are earning less than we could in other disciplines – in many cases, far less – but I don’t think it behooves us to construct our industry on a foundation of salaries that cannot support people. How many of you authors have had a beloved editor or publicist leave because she needed to earn more money? I certainly have, and I wished her well, and missed her ever after.
Please note that I’m not pointing the blame cannon – yet. I am vociferous in my opinion that the business of publishing should attend to its own interests – and act like a business. The more profitable they are, the more likely they’ll continue to employ me. (Granted, we are bound to continue to disagree, argue over, and negotiate many of the finer and not-so-fine points, like changing royalty rates, etc. But that doesn’t mean I see them as the enemy.) I have not seen evidence of gender bias from the top down in the publishing houses for whom I write, except on a case-by-case basis that has, in my opinion, a lot more to do with individual douchebaggery than with broad-brush generalizations.
However…I have seen gender bias of a far more insidious sort. It has to do with reader behavior, and there’s data to back it up. It starts with the problem of getting young boys to read. It takes side trips into surveys that show that in certain genres, readers shy away from female authors. It continues through a maturing population in which the majority of book purchasers are women, but expectations of writers vary depending on their gender. I’m collecting my thoughts on the subject, and I hope to learn from my colleagues and the students in the Seton Hill program, and to return here in a future post to explore this subject some more.
Meanwhile, I’ll end on a positive note. If you’ve never seen the Romstat survey, you’re in for a treat. Take a few minutes to read about yourselves, because romance readers – it can now be proved! – do indeed rock.
Because I’m on the road, I may not be able to respond to comments. But I have just received my advance copies of HORIZON, the third in the Aftertime series! I’ll choose a random commenter to receive a signed copy. Â I’d love to hear your thoughts on any of the above – even if you take issue with the statistics. There’s plenty of room for discussion, and I have a feeling that this subject isn’t going away any time soon!


















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The phrase that stuck out for me is “in certain genres, readers shy away from female authors”. I doubt I look at the sex of the writer in regard to reading a book or not. I’m surprised it’s even a factor.
Hi Sophie,
Interesting topic! I have definitely noticed that the New York Times reviews a LOT more male authors than female. Just at a week-to-week glance, Publishers Weekly seems more even handed. They have a section for romance reviews, which typically features many female authors, and an online column called Beyond Her Book by Barbara Vey. USA Today has added an online calumn devoted to romance fiction called HEA (Happily Ever After).
I think social media is making it easier for publications to move past gender bias. Let’s hope the trend continues. Female book buyers are a powerful group.
I’ve always felt their was a bias against female thriller writers, which is why so many female suspense/thriller/mystery writers are sold as romantic suspense. We’re automatically categorized as “romance” because it’s okay for women to write “romance.”
I have very strong feelings about this, but I’m not sold on the VIDA numbers because you can’t know if there is bias in reviewing unless you know how many books were sent to them for review. If 100 male books and 50 female books were sent, and they reviewed 50 male books and 25 female books, that’s fair and “unbiased” IMO. And many of the pie charts seem to indicate that, more or less.
As far as bias, there is bias against romance, there’s bias among mystery authors against thriller authors, there’s bias against commercial fiction authors by literary fiction authors OF ALL GENRES. The most critical critics of romance? WOMEN. When Tess Gerritsen was raked over the coals for having the audacity to final in the Edgars because she was (gasp) a ROMANCE writer, it was a WOMAN who first brought up the point.
There is certainly a bias against women writing thrillers, but I don’t know if it’s from the industry itself, or the readers.
I’ve used this example in the past, a true story from my years in politics based on numerous polling of voters:
VOTERS (men AND women) overwhelmingly believe MEN when it comes to comments about the economy and taxes. If you have a policy proposal, it will get a far more positive response by voters if delivered by a man. On the flip-side, VOTERS overwhelmingly believe WOMEN on issues about the educations, thus if you have a policy proposal on education, have a woman present it. (BTW, these are old, probably from the 1998 or 2000 election.)
My point is that we ALL help perpetuate the myth based on what at a specific point in time the masses (voters or readers) wanted so that we could maximize votes or sales. The more we do that, the more readers come to expect it, and we keep the bias WHICH IS REAL AT THAT MOMENT entrenched and growing.
I don’t blame publishing per se, you can’t because they respond to sales just like politicians respond to voters.
Well said, Allison, and I think it remains mostly valid, sadly. All sides need to step back, assess their motivations, and then take positive action to change things–and not simply for the sake of change!
On a mystery reader group I belong to, the issue of ‘does gender matter when you read a book’ came up. I was shocked to see how many group members (of the XY set) said they don’t read books written by women.
I’m wondering if I should take my picture off my books and website–my name could go either way.
Terry
Fab fab fabulous post, Sophie!
The stats show that women read more than men, and are more likely to venture beyond any given gender-heavy genres, albeit a small percentage of men (as opposed to women) will read certain romance genres. From what I here, erotica has its fair share of guys. Has that been verified anywhere?
These days, we don’t see many male writers venturing into romance and its various subgenres (historical, contemporary, erotica, chick lit, etc.). But back in, say, the 1960s and ’70s, many a guy made a pretty penny writing blockbusters with the same themes we find now in romance: big sprawling sagas with lots of sex. My mom was a big reader of Irving Wallace, James Michener, John Jakes, and of course Harold Robbins. (He died, but his publisher still releases co-written books under his name.
Albeit, in that generation, romance books were corseted with some heavy do’s and don’t. I think that’s why those who broke the rules — like Jacqueline Susann and Jackie Collins — leaped over the bestseller fence with the guys, garnering readers of both genders.
On the other hand, we’ve got to be proud of the bestselling women who have flipped mysteries and thrillers off the gender pedestal: Agatha Christie for one; Patricia Highsmith, for another; not to forget Patricia Cromwell, Sue Grafton, Janet Evanovich, and VI Warshawski.
But no doubt about it: the deck is still stacked fairly high against female thriller writers. But I’m guessing that the digital publishing revolution will even the playing field.
May the best author/promoters win!
You discuss a difficult situation and some of the points don’t surprise me though it does sadden me. I am strictly a reader though.
Nicely put, Sophie–important things to emphasize.
(And thanks for not saying you were glad to get rid of your male editor in favor of a female one, hee hee!) Have fun at the lecture.
Good writers make books enjoyable. It doesn’t matter what they are. What is important is the quality of the writing . Women read way more than men and appreciate good books and the variety out there.
I just read Josie’s response and want to say “ditto” — what she said.
The gender bias is a perception bias that still harkens back to the time when women were working for the “extra” money and men were working to support their families. It’s a long cultural tail that we still haven’t completely shaken, and it’s exacerbated by the fact that many women will take a lessor value for their work because they’re just grateful to get it. Gratitude is great and important, but not more important than paying the bills, and I think, like Josie said, that the self-pubbing successes out there are going to start leveling the playing field because it’s going to become obvious that women *can* sell well and make money. Money the publishers could have made.
I’ll be curious how your conference goes, Sophie!
Great post and this has always been a problem, and I wonder if it will ever change. I rarely even read a book written by a man so maybe I am bias also who knows. I think women write better books myself so keep up the good work.
Great post, Sophie! How I’d love to be in your class this week! Those lucky students!
I can’t remember the last book of fiction I read by a man, quite honestly. If a man wrote it, I’m rarely (like not at all) interested in reading it. I do read non-fiction by men (just finished Steve Jobs biography) but not fiction. For that, I rely on women storytellers. Don’t know why, I just do. Reverse gender bias! xo
Sophie, I grew up reading Mary Stewart one day and Ian Fleming the next. I’ve enjoyed Tony Hillerman, Clive Cussler, and Robert Ludlum. Ditto Agatha Christy and Andre Norton (though she was SFF). It never occurred to me that men wrote “better” than women, or vice versa.
I also grew up in a “male dominated” industry and after college wanted to join a true “men’s only” club by becoming a police officer. I had to be better than the best to even be considered half as good. Sadly. In the last 40 years, I’ve seen those barriers fall.
I know several men who write category romance but use a female pseudonym to do so. A reverse bias there, but is it on the part of the readers or the publisher? In this day and age when women are finally being acknowledged as intelligent in a wide variety of disciplines, and men are shown to be just as romantic, I would hope that we could all get past this problem, no matter the field.
Well done, Sophie. The stats from VIDA were shocking! Thanks for an eye-opener!
I realized that I shy away from male authors, almost all the books I read are by women, especially in romance. With the advent of urban fantasy, I’ve started reading a few male authors, and I’ve enjoyed them. I used to read a lot of SciFi and the majority of those authors were male, but that was mostly because that’s who wrote in that genre more than anything. Now I read a lot more female authors in that genre, and I think that’s wonderful. I like it when the author just uses initials, that way I don’t have any preconceived notions on the author, I just read the book on it’s content alone.
What an interesting topic! I’ve been reading the comments all day long now and I’m ready to have a debate with my husband (he is always the antagonist against me so we’ll see how that goes).
Safe travels Sofie!
Heather E
Very interesting post, Sophie! Have fun!
Great post. I tend to shy away from male authors, if I see a book and I like the cover and the blurb sounds interesting and I see the name is male I tend to skip it over. I know it’s not fair but I’m not always sure if a man can give a good romance book a go. Growing up, I stuck with male authors but now I just read romance. I have noticed this trend and have seen blog posts and interviews from male authors in romance talk about this. I did just go forth and buy a romance book written by a man. It’s waiting on my kindle and I can’t wait to crack it open and see if my mind can be changed
[...] Enduring Issue with a Stick: Gender in Publishing – Sophie Littlefield on Murder She Writes discusses some startlingly poor statistics from some of the biggest book reviewers on how many books by women writers are [...]